Thyroid eye disease happens when the immune system attacks the muscles and fatty tissue around the eyes, causing inflammation and swelling. It is most common in people with an overactive thyroid due to Graves’ disease, but it can occur with normal or underactive thyroid function too.
Symptoms
- Eyes that look bulging or staring, with upper lids pulled back
- Gritty, watery, red or dry eyes
- Puffy eyelids
- Double vision
- Discomfort when moving the eyes
Seek urgent care for reduced vision, colours looking faded, or inability to close the eyes, as these can signal pressure on the optic nerve or a damaged cornea.
Treatment
- Stop smoking, which is the most important step
- Keep thyroid levels stable with your physician
- Lubricating drops and ointment
- Medicines to reduce inflammation in active disease
- Prisms or surgery for double vision and eyelid or eye position, once the disease is stable
Frequently asked questions
Will my eyes go back to normal?
Many mild cases improve. Some changes remain and can be corrected with surgery once the disease is inactive.
Does treating the thyroid cure the eye disease?
Not always. The eyes and thyroid are treated together but follow separate courses.
Sources
This article is for general information and does not replace an examination by an eye doctor. If you have symptoms, please book a consultation.