Amblyopia, or lazy eye, is reduced vision in one eye (sometimes both) that develops in childhood. The eye itself may be healthy, but the brain has not learned to use it properly. It is a leading cause of reduced vision in children, and it is very treatable when found in time.
What causes lazy eye
- Unequal glasses power between the two eyes, so one eye sends a blurrier image
- Squint, where the brain ignores the turned eye to avoid double vision
- Something blocking vision, such as a childhood cataract or a drooping eyelid
Why it is easy to miss
A child with one good eye manages well and usually does not complain. The eyes may look perfectly straight. That is why a full eye test before starting school, and earlier if there is a family history, is so important.
How it is treated
- Glasses correct the focusing error. Sometimes glasses alone improve the vision.
- Patching covers the stronger eye for a few hours a day, making the brain use the weaker eye.
- Atropine drops blur the stronger eye temporarily, as an alternative to patching for some children.
- Treating the cause, such as removing a cataract or correcting a droopy lid.
Making patching work
- Patch during activities that need close attention, such as drawing, puzzles or reading
- Use a reward chart to keep young children motivated
- Be consistent. Skipped days slow progress.
- Keep follow-up visits so the doctor can adjust the plan
Is it ever too late?
Treatment works best in early childhood, when the visual system is most adaptable. Studies have shown that many older children and teenagers can still improve, so it is always worth an assessment.
Find out more about children’s eye care, or see our eye test checklist by age.
Frequently asked questions
How long does lazy eye treatment take?
Usually several months, with regular check-ups. Your doctor will adjust patching hours as vision improves.
Can lazy eye come back?
Sometimes vision drops again after treatment stops, which is why follow-up visits continue for a while.
Sources
This article is for general information and does not replace an examination by an eye doctor. If you have symptoms, please book a consultation.